Envy is often accompanied by feelings of depression and shame. [1] Lewis (1993) appropriately gathers them under the heading of the self-conscious emotions. Izard (1991) characterizes shame as starting with a sudden intense awareness of self which thoroughly dominated consciousness. Standards, rules and goals are established, the success or failure of one’s action with respect to these standards, rules and goals is evaluated, and attributions are made about the self. Part of the attributions will of course be concerned with the self-conscious emotions. For example, guild would be seen as stemming from a self-evaluation of failure but on which has dwelt on specific aspects or actions of self that have led to the failure. [2] Since it is normally concerned with evaluation by others, it usually occurs in social situations, although it can occur when alone. He views shame as an adapti...
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